INDIAN POLITY भारतीय की राजनीति
For Civil Services, Other State Examinations Exam, Railway Exams, SSC Exam and other Competitive Exams.
सिविल सेवा और अन्य राज्य परीक्षाओं के लिए, रेलवे परीक्षा, एसएससी परीक्षा और अन्य प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं के लिए।
PART-I
Constitutional Framework
- Historical Background
- The Company Rule (1773–1858)
- The Crown Rule (1858–1947)
- Making of the Constitution
- Demand for a Constituent Assembly
- Composition of the Constituent Assembly
- Working of the Constituent Assembly
- Committees of the Constituent Assembly
- Enactment of the Constitution
- Enforcement of the Constitution
- Experts Committee of the Congress
- Criticism of the Constituent Assembly
- Constitution at a Glance
- Salient Features of the Constitution
- Salient Features of the Constitution
- Criticism of the Constitution
- Preamble of the Constitution Text of the Preamble
- Ingredients of the Preamble
- Key Words in the Preamble
- Significance of the Preamble
- Preamble as Part of the Constitution
- Amendability of the Preamble Notes and References
- Union and Its Territory
- Union of States
- Parliament’s Power to Reorganise the States
- Exchange of Territories with Bangladesh
- Evolution of States and Union Territories
- Citizenship
- Meaning and Significance
- Constitutional Provisions
- Citizenship Act, 1955
- Single Citizenship
- Overseas Citizenship of India
- Notes and References
- Fundamental Rights
- Features of Fundamental Rights
- Definition of State
- Laws Inconsistent with Fundamental Rights
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right Against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Writs—Types and Scope
- Armed Forces and Fundamental Rights
- Martial Law and Fundamental Rights
- Effecting Certain Fundamental Rights
- Present Position of Right to Property
- Exceptions to Fundamental Rights
- Criticism of Fundamental Rights
- Significance of Fundamental Rights
- Rights Outside Part III
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Features of the Directive Principles
- Classification of the Directive Principles
- New Directive Principles
- Sanction Behind Directive Principles
- Criticism of the Directive Principles
- Utility of Directive Principles
- Conflict Between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
- Implementation of Directive Principles
- Directives Outside Part IV
- Fundamental Duties
Swaran Singh Committee Recommendations
List of Fundamental Duties
Features of the Fundamental Duties
Criticism of Fundamental Duties
Significance of Fundamental Duties
Verma Committee Observations Notes and References
- Amendment of the Constitution
Procedure for Amendment
Types of Amendments
Criticism of the Amendment Procedure Notes and References
- Basic Structure of the Constitution Emergence of the Basic Structure
Elements of the Basic Structure Notes and References
PART-II
System of Government
- Parliamentary System
Features of Parliamentary Government Features of Presidential Government
Merits of the Parliamentary System
Demerits of the Parliamentary System
Reasons for Adopting Parliamentary System
Distinction between Indian and British Models Notes and References
- Federal System
Federal Features of the Constitution
Unitary Features of the Constitution
Critical Evaluation of the Federal System Notes and References
- Centre–State Relations
Legislative Relations
Administrative Relations
Financial Relations
Trends in Centre–State Relations
Notes and References
- Inter-State Relations Inter-State Water Disputes
Inter-State Councils
Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings
Inter-State Trade and Commerce
Zonal Councils
Notes and References
- Emergency Provisions
National Emergency
President’s Rule
Financial Emergency
Criticism of the Emergency Provisions Notes and References
PART-III
Central Government
- President
Election of the President
Qualifications, Oath and Conditions
Term, Impeachment and Vacancy
Powers and Functions of the President
Veto Power of the President
Ordinance-Making Power of the President
Pardoning Power of the President
Constitutional Position of the President Notes and References
- Vice-President
Election
Qualifications, Oath and Conditions
Term and Vacancy
Powers and Functions
Indian and American Vice-Presidents Compared Notes and References
- Prime Minister
Appointment of the Prime Minister
Oath, Term and Salary
Powers and Functions of the Prime Minister
Role Descriptions
Relationship with the President
Chief Ministers who became Prime Ministers Notes and References
- Central Council of Ministers Constitutional Provisions
Nature of Advice by Ministers
Appointment of Ministers
Oath and Salary of Ministers
Responsibility of Ministers
Composition of the Council of Ministers
Council of Ministers vs Cabinet
Role of Cabinet
Role Descriptions Kitchen Cabinet
Notes and References
- Cabinet Committees
Features of Cabinet Committees
List of Cabinet Committees
Functions of Cabinet Committees
Groups of Ministers
Notes and References
- Parliament
Organisation of Parliament
Composition of the Two Houses
System of Elections to Lok Sabha
Duration of Two Houses
Membership of Parliament
Presiding Officers of Parliament
Leaders in Parliament
Sessions of Parliament
Devices of Parliamentary Proceedings
Legislative Procedure in Parliament
Joint Sitting of Two Houses
Budget in Parliament
Multifunctional Role of Parliament
Ineffectiveness of Parliamentary Control
Position of Rajya Sabha
Parliamentary Privileges
Sovereignty of Parliament Notes and References
23 Parliamentary Committees
Meaning
Classification
Financial Committees
Departmental Standing Committees
Committees to Inquire
Committees to Scrutinise and Control
Committees Relating to the Day-to-Day Business of the House
House-Keeping Committees
Consultative Committees Notes and References
- Parliamentary Forums
Establishment of the Forums
Objectives of the Forums
Composition of the Forums
Functions of the Forums
Notes and References
- Parliamentary Group
Rationale of the Group
Composition of the Group
Objectives of the Group
Functions of the Group
The Group and IPU
The Group and CPA
Notes and References
- Supreme Court
Composition and Appointment
Qualifications, Oath and Salaries
Tenure and Removal
Acting, Adhoc and Retired Judges
Seat and Procedure
Independence of Supreme Court
Jurisdiction and Powers of Supreme Court
Supreme Court Advocates Notes and References
- Judicial Review Meaning of Judicial Review
Importance of Judicial Review
Constitutional Provisions for Judicial Review
Scope of Judicial Review
Judicial Review of the Ninth Schedule Notes and References
- Judicial Activism
Meaning of Judicial Activism
Judicial Review and Judicial Activism
Justification of Judicial Activism
Activators of Judicial Activism
Apprehensions of Judicial Activism
Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Restraint Notes and References
- Public Interest Litigation
Meaning of PIL
Features of PIL
Scope of PIL
Principles of PIL
Guidelines for Admitting PIL Notes and References
PART-IV
State Government
- Governor
Appointment of Governor
Conditions of Governor’s Office
Term of Governor’s Office
Powers and Functions of Governor Constitutional Position of Governor Notes and References
- Chief Minister
Appointment of Chief Minister
Oath, Term and Salary
Powers and Functions of Chief Minister
Relationship with the Governor Notes and References
- State Council of Ministers Constitutional Provisions
Nature of Advice by Ministers
Appointment of Ministers
Oath and Salary of Ministers
Responsibility of Ministers
Composition of the Council of Ministers
Cabinet
Notes and References
- State Legislature
Organisation of State Legislature
Composition of Two Houses
Duration of Two Houses
Membership of State Legislature
Presiding Officers of State Legislature
Sessions of State Legislature
Legislative Procedure in State Legislature
Position of Legislative Council
Privileges of State Legislature Notes and References
- High Court
Composition and Appointment
Qualifications, Oath and Salaries
Tenure, Removal and Transfer
Acting, Additional and Retired Judges
Independence of High Court
Jurisdiction and Powers of High Court Notes and References
- Tribunals
Administrative Tribunals
Tribunals for Other Matters
Notes and References
- Subordinate Courts
Constitutional Provisions
Structure and Jurisdiction
National Legal Services Authority
Lok Adalats
Permanent Lok Adalats
Family Courts
Gram Nyayalayas
Notes and References
- Special Provisions for Some States
Provisions for Maharashtra and Gujarat
Provisions for Nagaland
Provisions for Assam and Manipur
Provisions for Andhra Pradesh or Telangana
Provisions for Sikkim
Provisions for Mizoram
Provisions for Arunachal Pradesh and Goa
Provisions for Karnataka Notes and References
PART-V
Local Government
- Panchayati Raj
Evolution of Panchayati Raj
73rd Amendment Act of 1992
Compulsory and Voluntary Provisions
PESA Act of 1996 (Extension Act)
Finances of Panchayati Raj
Reasons for Ineffective Performance Notes and References
- Municipalities
Evolution of Urban Bodies
74th Amendment Act of 1992
Types of Urban Governments
Municipal Personnel
Municipal Revenue
Central Council of Local Government Notes and References
PART-VI
Union Territories and Special Areas
- Union Territories
Creation of Union Territories
Administration of Union Territories
Special Provisions for Delhi
Advisory Committees of Union Territories Notes and References
- Scheduled and Tribal Areas Administration of Scheduled Areas
Administration of Tribal Areas Notes and References
PART-VII
Constitutional Bodies
- Election Commission
Composition
Independence
Powers and Functions
Vision, Mission and Principles Notes and References
- Union Public Service Commission Composition
Removal
Independence
Functions
Limitations
Role
Notes and References
- State Public Service Commission
Composition
Removal
Independence
Functions
Limitations
Role
Joint State Public Service Commission
Notes and References
- Finance Commission
Composition
Functions
Advisory Role
Notes and References
- Goods and Services Tax Council Establishment of the Council
Vision and Mission of the Council
Composition of the Council
Working of the Council
Functions of the Council
Other Functions of the Council Notes and References
- National Commission for SCs Evolution of the Commission
Functions of the Commission
Report of the Commission
Powers of the Commission Notes and References
- National Commission for STs Separate Commission for STs
Functions of the Commission
Other Functions of the Commission
Report of the Commission
Powers of the Commission Notes and References
- National Commission for BCs Establishment of the Commission
Functions of the Commission
Report of the Commission
Powers of the Commission Notes and References
- Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities Constitutional Provisions
Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities
Role of the Commissioner
Vision and Mission
Functions and Objectives Notes and References
- Comptroller and Auditor General of India
Appointment and Term
Independence
Duties and Powers
Role
Cag and Corporations
Appleby’s Criticism
Notes and References
- Attorney General of India Appointment and Term
Duties and Functions
Rights and Limitations
Solicitor General of India Notes and References
- Advocate General of the State
Appointment and Term
Duties and Functions
Notes and References
PART-VIII
Non-Constitutional Bodies
- NITI Aayog
Establishment
Rationale
Composition
Specialised Wings
Objectives
Functions
Guiding Principles
Cooperative Federalism
Criticism
Attached Offices
Erstwhile Planning Commission
National Development Council Notes and References
- National Human Rights Commission
Establishment of the Commission
Composition of the Commission
Functions of the Commission
Working of the Commission
Role of the Commission
Performance of the Commission Notes and References
- State Human Rights Commission Composition of the Commission
Functions of the Commission
Working of the Commission
Human Rights Courts
2019 Amendment Act
Notes and References
- Central Information Commission Composition
Tenure and Service Conditions Powers and Functions
Notes and References
- State Information Commission Composition
Tenure and Service Conditions
Powers and Functions
RTI Amendment Act, 2019 Notes and References
- Central Vigilance Commission
Establishment
Composition
Organisation
Functions
Jurisdiction
Working
Vigilance Units in the Ministries
Whistle Blowers Protection Act (2014) Notes and References
- Central Bureau of Investigation Establishment of CBI
Motto, Mission and Vision of CBI
Organisation of CBI
Composition of CBI
Functions of CBI
Provision of Prior Permission
CBI vs. State Police
CBI Academy
Notes and References
- Lokpal and Lokayuktas
Global Scenario
Position in India
Lokpal
Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act (2013)
Lokayuktas
Notes and References
- National Investigation Agency
Establishment of the NIA
Rationale of the NIA
Functions of the NIA
Vision of the NIA
Mission of the NIA
Jurisdiction of the NIA
NIA (Amendment) Act, 2019 Notes and References
- National Disaster Management Authority
Establishment of the NDMA
Objectives of the NDMA
Functions of the NDMA
Additional Functions of the NDMA
State Disaster Management Authority
District Disaster Management Authority Notes and References
PART-IX
Other Constitutional Dimensions
- Co-operative Societies Constitutional Provisions
Reasons for the 97th Amendment Notes and References
- Official Language Language of the Union
Regional Languages
Language of the Judiciary and Texts of Laws
Special Directives
Committee of Parliament on Official Language
Classical Language Status Notes and References
- Public Services
Classification of Services
Constitutional Provisions Notes and References
- Rights and Liabilities of the Government
Property of the Union and the States
Suits by or Against the Government
Suits Against Public Officials Notes and References
- Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes Rationale of Special Provisions
Specification of Classes
Components of Special Provisions Notes and References
PART-X
Political Dynamics
- Political Parties Meaning and Types
Party System in India
Recognition of National and State Parties Notes and References
- Role of Regional Parties Features of Regional Parties
Classification of Regional Parties
Rise of Regional Parties
Role of Regional Parties
Dysfunctions of Regional Parties Notes and References
- Elections
Electoral System
Election Machinery
Election Process
Notes and References
- Election Laws
Representation of the People Act, 1950
Representation of the People Act, 1951
Delimitation Act, 2002
Other Acts Relating to Elections
Rules Relating to Elections
Orders Relating to Elections Notes and References
- Electoral Reforms
Committees Related to Electoral Reforms
Electoral Reforms Before 1996
Electoral Reforms of 1996
Electoral Reforms After 1996
Electoral Reforms Since 2010 Notes and References
- Voting Behaviour Meaning of Voting Behaviour
Significance of Voting Behaviour
Determinants of Voting Behaviour
Role of Media in Elections and Voting Behaviour
Notes and References
- Coalition Government Meaning of Coalition Government
Features of Coalition Government
Formation of Coalition Governments
Merits of Coalition Government
Demerits of Coalition Government Notes and References
- Anti-Defection Law
Provisions of the Act
Evaluation of the Act
91st Amendment Act (2003) Notes and References
- Pressure Groups Meaning and Techniques
Pressure Groups in India
Notes and References
- National Integration
Meaning of National Integration
Obstacles to National Integration
National Integration Council
National Foundation for Communal Harmony Notes and References
- Foreign Policy
Principles of Indian Foreign Policy
Objectives of Indian Foreign Policy
Gujral Doctrine of India
Nuclear Doctrine of India
Connect Central Asia Policy of India
Act East Policy of India
Notes and References
PART-XI
Working of the Constitution
- National Commission to Review the Working of the
Constitution
- Terms of Reference of the Commission
- Fifty Years of Working of the Constitution
- Areas of Concern: Commission’s Perception
- Recommendations of the Commission
- Earlier Efforts to Review the Constitution
Notes and References
KNOWLEDGE CITY 